There are 33 consonants in Saṃskṛtam. They are called व्यञ्चनानि.

A pure consonant is linguistically defined to be one without any vowel attached to it. But constants are meaningful only when uttered with vowel.

Consonants consist of:

Five class consonants each consisting of five consonants / वर्गव्यञ्चनानि [25]

• Semi-vowels / अन्तस्थाः [4]
• Sibilant / ऊष्माणः [3]. They are hard -Aspirate
• Soft-Aspirate / ह [1]. This also comes under Sibilants.

	(Non – asp.) Hard	(Aspirate) Hard	(Non – asp.) Soft	(Aspirate) Soft	(Non – asp.) Nasals
कण्ठः Throat (कण्ठ्याः Gutturals)	क	ख	ग	घ	ङ्
तालु Palate (तालव्याः Palatals)	च	छ	ज	झ	ञ
मुर्धा Roof (मुर्धन्या Cerebral)	ट	ठ	ड	ढ	ण
ढन्ता Teeth (ढन्त्याः Dentals)	त	थ	द	ध	न
ओष्ठै Lips (ओष्ठयाः Labials)	प	फ	ब	भ	म

Semi Vowels

Semi Vowels

य

र

ल

व

Sibilants

Sibilants

श

ष

स

ह

---